Degradation Process of Lead Chromate in Paintings by Vincent

2 van Gogh Studied by Means of Spectromicroscopic Methods. 3. 3 Synthesis, Characterization, and Detection of Different Crystal 4 Forms of the Chrome Yellow Pigment 5 Letizia Monico,†,‡ Koen Janssens,*,‡ Costanza Miliani, Brunetto Giovanni Brunetti,†,§ Manuela Vagnini, 6 Frederik Vanmeert,‡ Gerald Falkenberg, Artem Abakumov, Yinggang Lu, He Tian, 7 Johan Verbeeck, Marie Radepont,‡,# Marine Cotte, Ella Hendriks, Muriel Geldof, 8 Luuk van der Loeff, Johanna Salvant, and Michel Menu 9 †Centre SMAArt and Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita ̀ degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy 10 ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium 11 Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita ̀ degli Studi di Perugia, 12 via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy 13 Associazione Laboratorio di Diagnostica per i Beni Culturali, piazza Campello 2, I-06049 Spoleto (Perugia), Italy 14 Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB at Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, D-22603 Hamburg, 15 Germany 16 Department of Physics (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium 17 Laboratoire d’Archeólogie Molećulaire et Structurale, CNRS UMR8220, 3, rue Galileé, F-94200 Ivry-Sur-Seine, France 18 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 6, rue Jules Horowitz, F-38000 Grenoble, France 19 Van Gogh Museum, Paulus Potterstraat 7, 1070 AJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands 20 Movable Heritage Knowledge Sector, The Netherlands Cultural Heritage Agency (RCE), Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC Amsterdam, 21 The Netherlands 22 Conservation Department, Kröller-Müller Museum, Houtkampweg 6, NL-6731AW Otterlo, The Netherlands 23 Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Museés de France (C2RMF), Palais du Louvre, Porte des Lions, 24 14 Quai Franco̧is Mitterrand, F-75001 Paris, France − − 25 *S Supporting Information